{"id":7524,"date":"2026-10-16T07:52:09","date_gmt":"2026-10-16T07:52:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/?page_id=7524"},"modified":"2026-10-16T07:58:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T07:58:56","slug":"gravity-casting","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/es\/services\/gravity-casting\/","title":{"rendered":"Fundici\u00f3n por gravedad"},"content":{"rendered":"<main id='oxy-main'><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-501 oxy-container gc-hero\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-499 oxy-container gc-inner\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-498 oxy-container gc-hero-grid\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-476 oxy-container gc-hero-top\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-470 oxy-text gc-kicker\">\nFundici\u00f3n por gravedad\n<\/span><h1 class=\"oxy-text-7524-471 oxy-text\">\nGravity casting: the cheapest sound route to an aluminum or copper part\n<\/h1><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-472 oxy-text gc-lede\">\nGravity casting pours metal into the mould under nothing but its own weight. That sounds like a limitation and is actually the point \u2014 no pressure vessel, no die set, and no pattern bill, which is why it is usually the lowest-cost way to make a medium-complexity part from a drawing.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-475 oxy-container gc-btns\"><a class=\"oxy-text-link-7524-473 oxy-text-link gc-btn\" href=\"\/es\/get-a-quote\/\" target=\"_self\">\nSend your drawing for a quote\n<\/a><a class=\"oxy-text-link-7524-474 oxy-text-link gc-btn-ghost\" href=\"#gc-compare\" target=\"_self\">\nCompare with low-pressure and die\n<\/a><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"oxy-container-7524-497 oxy-container gc-aside\"><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-477 oxy-text\">\nGravity casting at a glance\n<\/h2><dl class=\"oxy-container-7524-496 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-480 oxy-container gc-arow\"><dt class=\"oxy-text-7524-478 oxy-text\">\nMetals\n<\/dt><dd class=\"oxy-text-7524-479 oxy-text\">\nAluminum, copper alloys\n<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-483 oxy-container gc-arow\"><dt class=\"oxy-text-7524-481 oxy-text\">\nMould types\n<\/dt><dd class=\"oxy-text-7524-482 oxy-text\">\nSand, permanent steel\n<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-486 oxy-container gc-arow\"><dt class=\"oxy-text-7524-484 oxy-text\">\nLargest aluminum part\n<\/dt><dd class=\"oxy-text-7524-485 oxy-text\">\n5 m envelope\n<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-489 oxy-container gc-arow\"><dt class=\"oxy-text-7524-487 oxy-text\">\nLargest single pour\n<\/dt><dd class=\"oxy-text-7524-488 oxy-text\">\n2 t, copper alloy\n<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-492 oxy-container gc-arow\"><dt class=\"oxy-text-7524-490 oxy-text\">\nAs-cast tolerance\n<\/dt><dd class=\"oxy-text-7524-491 oxy-text\">\nCT7 to CT12\n<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-495 oxy-container gc-arow\"><dt class=\"oxy-text-7524-493 oxy-text\">\nPattern required\n<\/dt><dd class=\"oxy-text-7524-494 oxy-text\">\nNo, printed from CAD\n<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-116 oxy-container gc-stats-band\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-115 oxy-container gc-inner\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-114 oxy-container gc-stats\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-110 oxy-text gc-stat\">\n<b>2 t<\/b><span>largest single gravity pour, copper alloy<\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-111 oxy-text gc-stat\">\n<b>5 m<\/b><span>largest aluminum envelope<\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-112 oxy-text gc-stat\">\n<b>CT8 to CT12<\/b><span>as-cast tolerance in sand moulds<\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-113 oxy-text gc-stat\">\n<b>3,000 t<\/b><span>gravity-capable capacity a year<\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-593 oxy-container gc-sec gc-sec-alt\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-592 oxy-container gc-inner\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-591 oxy-container gc-steps\"><figure class=\"oxy-container-7524-578 oxy-container gc-step\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-573 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Industrial-machinery-Impeller-sand-mold.jpg\" alt=\"Printed from your CAD\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption class=\"oxy-container-7524-577 oxy-container\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-574 oxy-text gc-step-num\">\n01 \u00b7 The mould\n<\/span><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-575 oxy-text\">\nPrinted from your CAD\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-576 oxy-text\">\nThe mould is printed directly from the model \u2014 no pattern, no tooling, which is what makes a single casting economic.\n<\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"oxy-container-7524-584 oxy-container gc-step\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-579 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3D-Printed-Sand-Cores-for-Engine-Block.jpg\" alt=\"Cores set into the mould\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption class=\"oxy-container-7524-583 oxy-container\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-580 oxy-text gc-step-num\">\n02 \u00b7 Assembly\n<\/span><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-581 oxy-text\">\nCores set into the mould\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-582 oxy-text\">\nPrinted sand cores go into the mould as one assembly, so there is no joint line in the internal passages or the water jacket.\n<\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"oxy-container-7524-590 oxy-container gc-step\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-585 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Metal-Casting-Parts-from-3D-Printed-Molds.jpg\" alt=\"Poured, cleaned and machined\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption class=\"oxy-container-7524-589 oxy-container\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-586 oxy-text gc-step-num\">\n03 \u00b7 The casting\n<\/span><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-587 oxy-text\">\nPoured, cleaned and machined\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-588 oxy-text\">\nMetal enters under its own weight, the casting is knocked out, shot blasted, heat treated and machined to the faces that need it.\n<\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-136 oxy-container gc-sec\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-135 oxy-container gc-inner\"><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-117 oxy-text gc-lead\">\nGravity casting is the process of pouring molten metal into a mould cavity and letting its own weight fill the shape, with no applied pressure and no vacuum. It works in sand moulds, in machined steel moulds and in graphite. We run it for aluminum and copper alloys, in both sand and permanent moulds, and it is the route we recommend first whenever a part is thick-walled, medium in complexity and cost-sensitive.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-120 oxy-container gc-head\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-118 oxy-text gc-rail\">\n01\n<\/span><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-119 oxy-text\">\nWhy gravity casting is usually the cheapest sound route\n<\/h2><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-121 oxy-text gc-p\">\nThree costs decide a casting project: the tooling, the metal, and the yield. Gravity casting is competitive on all three, and it is the only route where the first two are close to zero for a one-off part.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-134 oxy-container gc-check\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-124 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-122 oxy-text\">\nNo pressure vessel, no die set\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-123 oxy-text\">\nLow-pressure casting needs a sealed furnace and a riser tube; die casting needs a hardened steel die. Gravity casting needs a mould. If the mould is sand, and we printed it, there is no pattern and no tooling to amortise at all.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-127 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-125 oxy-text\">\nThicker sections are not a problem\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-126 oxy-text\">\nGravity is at its best where the metal is thick. Feeding a heavy section from a riser works, because there is time and thermal mass to do it. Thin walls are where gravity struggles \u2014 that is a different process.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-130 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-128 oxy-text\">\nReusable moulds pay back fast\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-129 oxy-text\">\nIn a permanent steel mould the same cavity runs for thousands of parts. Above a few hundred pieces the mould cost per part falls below the cost of printing a fresh sand mould each time.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-133 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-131 oxy-text\">\nMetal choice stays open\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-132 oxy-text\">\nBecause there is no pressure system to seal and no die to erode, gravity casting handles aluminum and copper alloys in the same shop with the same tooling philosophy. We pour both.\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-172 oxy-container gc-sec gc-sec-alt\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-171 oxy-container gc-inner\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-139 oxy-container gc-head\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-137 oxy-text gc-rail\">\n02\n<\/span><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-138 oxy-text\">\nTwo ways to run it: sand mould or metal mould\n<\/h2><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-140 oxy-text gc-p\">\nGravity casting is not one process. The mould decides almost everything about cost, tolerance and surface finish, so this is the first question on any gravity job.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-169 oxy-container gc-fork\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-154 oxy-container gc-fork-card\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-502 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3DP-Sand-mold.jpg\" alt=\"Printed sand mould for gravity casting, ready to be poured\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3DP-Sand-mold.jpg 1706w, https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3DP-Sand-mold-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3DP-Sand-mold-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3DP-Sand-mold-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3DP-Sand-mold-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1706px) 100vw, 1706px\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-141 oxy-text\">\nGravity casting in sand moulds\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-142 oxy-text\">\nThe cavity is formed in bonded sand and destroyed when the part is knocked out. The mould costs almost nothing per unit, so this is the route for prototypes, one-offs and anything still being changed.\n<\/p><ul class=\"oxy-container-7524-153 oxy-container lyafs-facts\"><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-144 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-143 oxy-text\">\nNo pattern cost when the mould is printed from CAD\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-146 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-145 oxy-text\">\nBetter for large parts and for heavy sections\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-148 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-147 oxy-text\">\nCT8 to CT12 as cast, Ra 12.5 to 25\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-150 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-149 oxy-text\">\nDesign changes cost a reprint, not a new die\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-152 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-151 oxy-text\">\nAluminum to a 5 m envelope, copper to 3 m\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-168 oxy-container gc-fork-card\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-503 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Pump-Housing.jpg\" alt=\"Pump housing cast in a permanent steel mould by gravity\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Pump-Housing.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Pump-Housing-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Pump-Housing-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-155 oxy-text\">\nGravity casting in permanent moulds\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-156 oxy-text\">\nAlso called gravity die casting or permanent mould casting: the cavity is machined into a steel mould that is reused. You pay once, then the per-part cost drops sharply.\n<\/p><ul class=\"oxy-container-7524-167 oxy-container lyafs-facts\"><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-158 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-157 oxy-text\">\nBetter surface and tighter tolerance than sand\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-160 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-159 oxy-text\">\nCT7 to CT9 as cast, Ra 6.3 to 12.5\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-162 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-161 oxy-text\">\nFiner grain from the faster chill of a steel mould\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-164 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-163 oxy-text\">\nEconomics improve sharply above a few hundred pieces\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-166 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-165 oxy-text\">\nGeometry must release from the mould \u2014 no undercuts\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-170 oxy-text gc-p\">\nWe run both, so the recommendation is not a sales preference. If your part sits on the line between them, we will quote both and tell you where the crossover volume falls.\n<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-642 oxy-container gc-sec\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-641 oxy-container gc-inner\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-596 oxy-container gc-head\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-594 oxy-text gc-rail\">\n03\n<\/span><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-595 oxy-text\">\nDoes gravity casting need a sand 3D printer?\n<\/h2><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-597 oxy-text gc-p\">\nIt depends on which mould your part needs \u2014 the fork from the section above \u2014 and the answer is different for each.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-604 oxy-container gc-check\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-600 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-598 oxy-text\">\nSand mould: yes, and it is the whole point\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-599 oxy-text\">\nGravity casting in sand normally needs a pattern: a positive made by a patternmaker, used to form the cavity. We print the mould and its cores straight from your CAD file instead. No pattern, no pattern cost, no pattern lead time \u2014 which is what makes a single gravity casting economic rather than a special case.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-603 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-601 oxy-text\">\nPermanent steel mould: no\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-602 oxy-text\">\nThat mould is machined, not printed, and the printer plays no part in it. The economics of permanent-mould gravity work are driven by the die and the volume, and we will tell you where that crossover sits for your part.\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-607 oxy-container gc-head\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-605 oxy-text gc-rail\">\n04\n<\/span><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-606 oxy-text\">\nThe printers that make gravity moulds\n<\/h2><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-608 oxy-text gc-p\">\nWe build the machines as well as run them, so the equipment on our own gravity line is the equipment we sell to foundries. Two models cover the gravity work: one for moulds and cores up to about a metre, one for the large moulds behind a 5 m aluminum envelope.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-639 oxy-container gc-machines\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-623 oxy-container gc-machine\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-609 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3DPTEk-J1800.jpg\" alt=\"3DPTEK-J1800 sand 3D printer used to print gravity casting moulds\" loading=\"lazy\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-622 oxy-container gc-machine-body\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-610 oxy-text\">\n3DPTEK-J1800\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-611 oxy-text gc-machine-sub\">\nThe workhorse. Covers most gravity moulds and cores, and every one-off pattern you would otherwise have to make.\n<\/p><dl class=\"oxy-container-7524-620 oxy-container\"><dt class=\"oxy-text-7524-612 oxy-text\">\nBuild size\n<\/dt><dd class=\"oxy-text-7524-613 oxy-text\">\n1800 x 1000 x 700 mm\n<\/dd><dt class=\"oxy-text-7524-614 oxy-text\">\nCabezales de impresi\u00f3n\n<\/dt><dd class=\"oxy-text-7524-615 oxy-text\">\n8\n<\/dd><dt class=\"oxy-text-7524-616 oxy-text\">\nBuild rate\n<\/dt><dd class=\"oxy-text-7524-617 oxy-text\">\n18 to 23 s \/ layer\n<\/dd><dt class=\"oxy-text-7524-618 oxy-text\">\nPrecisi\u00f3n\n<\/dt><dd class=\"oxy-text-7524-619 oxy-text\">\n\u00b10,3 mm\n<\/dd><\/dl><a class=\"oxy-text-link-7524-621 oxy-text-link gc-machine-link\" href=\"\/es\/3d-printers\/sand-3d-printers\/3dptek-j1800\/\" target=\"_self\">\nFull specifications and case work \u2192\n<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-638 oxy-container gc-machine\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-624 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Best-3D-Sand-Printer-for-Large-Molds-3DPTEK-J4000.jpg\" alt=\"3DPTEK-J4000 large-format sand 3D printer for gravity casting moulds\" loading=\"lazy\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-637 oxy-container gc-machine-body\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-625 oxy-text\">\n3DPTEK-J4000\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-626 oxy-text gc-machine-sub\">\nLarge format. For the moulds behind oversize gravity castings, printed in one piece instead of assembled from sections.\n<\/p><dl class=\"oxy-container-7524-635 oxy-container\"><dt class=\"oxy-text-7524-627 oxy-text\">\nBuild size\n<\/dt><dd class=\"oxy-text-7524-628 oxy-text\">\n3800 x 1850 x 1000 mm\n<\/dd><dt class=\"oxy-text-7524-629 oxy-text\">\nCabezales de impresi\u00f3n\n<\/dt><dd class=\"oxy-text-7524-630 oxy-text\">\n16\n<\/dd><dt class=\"oxy-text-7524-631 oxy-text\">\nRendimiento\n<\/dt><dd class=\"oxy-text-7524-632 oxy-text\">\n130 to 360 L \/ h\n<\/dd><dt class=\"oxy-text-7524-633 oxy-text\">\nPrecisi\u00f3n\n<\/dt><dd class=\"oxy-text-7524-634 oxy-text\">\n\u00b10,5 mm\n<\/dd><\/dl><a class=\"oxy-text-link-7524-636 oxy-text-link gc-machine-link\" href=\"\/es\/3d-printers\/sand-3d-printers\/3dptek-j4000\/\" target=\"_self\">\nFull specifications and case work \u2192\n<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-640 oxy-text gc-note\">\nBoth machines print silica or ceramic sand with furan or phenolic resin, hold a mould tensile strength of 1.5 to 2.5 MPa and keep gas evolution between 8 and 15 ml\/g at 850 \u00b0C. That is the same chemistry a traditional no-bake line runs, so a printed mould behaves like a mould your foundry already knows.\n<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-211 oxy-container gc-sec\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-210 oxy-container gc-inner\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-175 oxy-container gc-head\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-173 oxy-text gc-rail\">\n05\n<\/span><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-174 oxy-text\">\nWhat we pour by gravity\n<\/h2><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-176 oxy-text gc-p\">\nGravity casting carries two of our four alloy families. The limits below are the real ones from our own foundries, not catalogue maxima.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-201 oxy-container gc-table-wrap\"><table class=\"oxy-container-7524-200 oxy-container gc-table\"><thead class=\"oxy-container-7524-184 oxy-container\"><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-183 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-177 oxy-text\">\nAlloy family\n<\/th><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-178 oxy-text\">\nGrades\n<\/th><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-179 oxy-text\">\nProcesses on this metal\n<\/th><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-180 oxy-text\">\nLargest single pour\n<\/th><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-181 oxy-text\">\nLargest size\n<\/th><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-182 oxy-text\">\nCapacity a year\n<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody class=\"oxy-container-7524-199 oxy-container\"><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-191 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-185 oxy-text\">\nAluminio\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-186 oxy-text\">\nZL101A, ZL114A, A356, A360\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-187 oxy-text\">\nGravity, low-pressure, permanent-mould low-pressure, plaster-mould precision\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-188 oxy-text\">\n1 t\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-189 oxy-text\">\n5 m\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-190 oxy-text\">\n1,000 t\n<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-198 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-192 oxy-text\">\nAleaciones de cobre\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-193 oxy-text\">\nSilicon bronze and related\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-194 oxy-text\">\nGravity, investment casting\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-195 oxy-text\">\n2 t\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-196 oxy-text\">\n3 m\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-197 oxy-text\">\n2,000 t\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-202 oxy-text gc-p\">\nCopper is the reason gravity casting matters more than people expect. Silicon bronze pours at a higher temperature and is far less tolerant of turbulence than aluminum, so a bottom-gated gravity pour with a properly fed riser is often the only route that produces a sound pump body, valve or marine fitting without porosity.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-209 oxy-container gc-check\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-205 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-203 oxy-text\">\nAluminum, up to 5 m\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-204 oxy-text\">\nHousings, covers, brackets, gearbox cases and impellers. Heat treated to T5 or T6 in the same building, in a 2 m diameter furnace, so quench delay stays a process variable rather than a shipping decision.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-208 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-206 oxy-text\">\nCopper alloys, up to 3 m\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-207 oxy-text\">\nPump bodies, valve bodies, marine fittings and wear parts in silicon bronze. Poured with a 1 t medium-frequency furnace dedicated to copper, so the melt is not shared with aluminum.\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-535 oxy-container gc-sec\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-534 oxy-container gc-inner\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-513 oxy-container gc-head\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-511 oxy-text gc-rail\">\n06\n<\/span><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-512 oxy-text\">\nGravity castings we have poured\n<\/h2><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-514 oxy-text gc-p\">\nA sample of recent gravity work across both alloy families. Every one of these started as a CAD file, and the mould or core behind it was printed rather than cut from a pattern.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-533 oxy-container gc-gallery\"><figure class=\"oxy-container-7524-517 oxy-container gc-shot\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-515 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Closed-Impeller-for-Fuel-Pump.jpg\" alt=\"Closed impeller for a fuel pump, gravity cast in aluminum\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption class=\"oxy-text-7524-516 oxy-text\">\nClosed impeller<span>Fuel pump, gravity cast then machined<\/span>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"oxy-container-7524-520 oxy-container gc-shot\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-518 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Patternless-Sand-Casting-for-Pump-Bodies.jpg\" alt=\"Pump body gravity cast from a printed sand mould\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption class=\"oxy-text-7524-519 oxy-text\">\nPump body<span>Printed sand mould, pressure tested<\/span>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"oxy-container-7524-523 oxy-container gc-shot\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-521 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Ship-Propeller-Sand-Mold.jpg\" alt=\"Ship propeller cast in a sand mould, a classic gravity casting\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption class=\"oxy-text-7524-522 oxy-text\">\nShip propeller<span>Marine, copper alloy, large section<\/span>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"oxy-container-7524-526 oxy-container gc-shot\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-524 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Sand-molds-and-castings-for-pump-bodies.jpg\" alt=\"Sand mould and the pump body casting it produced\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption class=\"oxy-text-7524-525 oxy-text\">\nMould and casting<span>Mould plus the part it produced<\/span>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"oxy-container-7524-529 oxy-container gc-shot\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-527 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Large-Size-Thin-Walled-Impellers-1.jpg\" alt=\"Large thin-wall impellers cast by gravity\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption class=\"oxy-text-7524-528 oxy-text\">\nLarge impellers<span>Thin-wall, gravity fed risers<\/span>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"oxy-container-7524-532 oxy-container gc-shot\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-530 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Marine-Pumps-and-Valves.jpg\" alt=\"Marine pumps and valves cast in copper alloys\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption class=\"oxy-text-7524-531 oxy-text\">\nMarine pumps and valves<span>Silicon bronze, corrosion resistant<\/span>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-262 oxy-container gc-spec\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-261 oxy-container gc-inner\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-214 oxy-container gc-head\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-212 oxy-text gc-rail\">\n07\n<\/span><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-213 oxy-text\">\nThe gravity line\n<\/h2><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-215 oxy-text gc-p\">\nGravity casting only works if the metal arrives at the right temperature and the mould is strong enough to hold it. That is an equipment question, so here is the equipment.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-260 oxy-container gc-spec-grid\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-226 oxy-container gc-spec-col\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-216 oxy-text\">\nPouring\n<\/h3><ul class=\"oxy-container-7524-225 oxy-container lyafs-facts\"><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-218 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-217 oxy-text\">\nGravity pouring machine\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-220 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-219 oxy-text\">\nReverse pouring machine\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-222 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-221 oxy-text\">\n500 kg low-pressure casting machine\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-224 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-223 oxy-text\">\n30 kg liquid-squeeze casting machine\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-237 oxy-container gc-spec-col\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-227 oxy-text\">\nMelting\n<\/h3><ul class=\"oxy-container-7524-236 oxy-container lyafs-facts\"><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-229 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-228 oxy-text\">\n1 t tilting aluminum melting furnace\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-231 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-230 oxy-text\">\n1 t medium-frequency furnace for copper\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-233 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-232 oxy-text\">\nMedium-frequency furnaces, induction stirred\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-235 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-234 oxy-text\">\nSpectrographic chemistry check per heat\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-248 oxy-container gc-spec-col\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-238 oxy-text\">\nMoulding\n<\/h3><ul class=\"oxy-container-7524-247 oxy-container lyafs-facts\"><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-240 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-239 oxy-text\">\n10 t resin sand mixer, strength to 9.5\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-242 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-241 oxy-text\">\n958 coated-sand shell core machine, 1 core \/ 5 min\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-244 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-243 oxy-text\">\nContinuous sand mixer\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-246 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-245 oxy-text\">\nPrinted sand moulds and cores from CAD\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-259 oxy-container gc-spec-col\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-249 oxy-text\">\nFinishing and heat treatment\n<\/h3><ul class=\"oxy-container-7524-258 oxy-container lyafs-facts\"><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-251 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-250 oxy-text\">\n25 t heat treatment and ageing furnace\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-253 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-252 oxy-text\">\n2 m diameter solution furnace\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-255 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-254 oxy-text\">\nExplosion-proof hook-type shot blaster\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-257 oxy-container\"><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-256 oxy-text\">\n10 t crane, cutting and table saws\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-510 oxy-container gc-spec-photos\"><figure class=\"oxy-container-7524-506 oxy-container gc-spec-photo\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-504 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Complex-Sand-Mold-Assembly.jpg\" alt=\"Complex sand mould assembly for a gravity casting\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption class=\"oxy-text-7524-505 oxy-text\">\nComplex sand mould assembly. Printed cores and mould come off the machine as one set, so there is no joint line in the internal passages.\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"oxy-container-7524-509 oxy-container gc-spec-photo\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-7524-507 oxy-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lyafs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Casting-Parts-on-Pallet.jpg\" alt=\"Gravity cast parts on a pallet after knock-out and cleaning\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption class=\"oxy-text-7524-508 oxy-text\">\nGravity castings after knock-out and cleaning, before heat treatment and machining.\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-327 oxy-container gc-sec gc-sec-alt\" id=\"gc-compare\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-326 oxy-container gc-inner\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-265 oxy-container gc-head\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-263 oxy-text gc-rail\">\n08\n<\/span><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-264 oxy-text\">\nGravity casting against low-pressure and die casting\n<\/h2><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-266 oxy-text gc-p\">\nMost gravity casting projects are really a choice between these four routes. The table is the whole decision, so read the row that constrains your part rather than the column you prefer.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-324 oxy-container gc-matrix-wrap\"><table class=\"oxy-container-7524-323 oxy-container gc-matrix\"><thead class=\"oxy-container-7524-273 oxy-container\"><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-272 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-267 oxy-text\">\nWhat decides it\n<\/th><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-268 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nGravity, sand mould\n<\/th><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-269 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nGravity, permanent mould\n<\/th><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-270 oxy-text\">\nLow-pressure\n<\/th><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-271 oxy-text\">\nHigh-pressure die casting\n<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody class=\"oxy-container-7524-322 oxy-container\"><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-279 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-274 oxy-text\">\nCoste de los utillajes\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-275 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nNone if the mould is printed\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-276 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nOne steel mould, reused\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-277 oxy-text\">\nSealed furnace plus riser tube\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-278 oxy-text\">\nHardened steel die, highest of the four\n<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-285 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-280 oxy-text\">\nBest volume\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-281 oxy-text gc-hi\">\n1 to a few hundred\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-282 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nA few hundred upward\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-283 oxy-text\">\nHundreds to thousands\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-284 oxy-text\">\nTens of thousands\n<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-291 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-286 oxy-text\">\nMinimum wall\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-287 oxy-text gc-hi\">\n8 mm and up is comfortable\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-288 oxy-text gc-hi\">\n5 to 6 mm\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-289 oxy-text\">\n4 mm on a good day\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-290 oxy-text\">\nUnder 2 mm possible\n<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-297 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-292 oxy-text\">\nAs-cast tolerance\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-293 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nCT8 to CT12\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-294 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nCT7 to CT9\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-295 oxy-text\">\nCT6 to CT9\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-296 oxy-text\">\nCT4 to CT7\n<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-303 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-298 oxy-text\">\nSurface, as cast\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-299 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nRa 12.5 to 25\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-300 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nRa 6.3 to 12.5\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-301 oxy-text\">\nRa 6.3 to 12.5\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-302 oxy-text\">\nRa 1.6 to 6.3\n<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-309 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-304 oxy-text\">\nLeak-tight parts\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-305 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nPossible with proper feeding, not automatic\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-306 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nBetter than sand, still feed-dependent\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-307 oxy-text\">\nBest of the four for porosity\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-308 oxy-text\">\nGood, but gating is unforgiving\n<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-315 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-310 oxy-text\">\nLarge parts\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-311 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nBest \u2014 5 m in aluminum\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-312 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nLimited by the machine and the die\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-313 oxy-text\">\nLimited by furnace size\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-314 oxy-text\">\nSmallest of the four\n<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-321 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-316 oxy-text\">\nDo we run it\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-317 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nYes\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-318 oxy-text gc-hi\">\nYes\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-319 oxy-text\">\nYes\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-320 oxy-text\">\nNo\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-325 oxy-text gc-p\">\nWe do not run high-pressure die casting, and we will say so rather than quote around it. If your part is designed for a die-cast wall thickness, the honest answer is that gravity casting will not hold it and you should stay with a die caster. If it is thicker-walled and the volume is under a few thousand, gravity casting is usually the cheaper answer.\n<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-369 oxy-container gc-sec\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-368 oxy-container gc-inner\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-330 oxy-container gc-head\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-328 oxy-text gc-rail\">\n09\n<\/span><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-329 oxy-text\">\nTolerance, draft and machining allowance\n<\/h2><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-331 oxy-text gc-p\">\nCasting drawings are usually specified to a tolerance grade from GB\/T 6414, the Chinese adoption of ISO 8062-3. Lower numbers are tighter.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-365 oxy-container gc-table-wrap\"><table class=\"oxy-container-7524-364 oxy-container gc-table\"><thead class=\"oxy-container-7524-337 oxy-container\"><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-336 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-332 oxy-text\">\nMould type\n<\/th><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-333 oxy-text\">\nAs-cast tolerance grade\n<\/th><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-334 oxy-text\">\nSurface roughness, as cast\n<\/th><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-335 oxy-text\">\nMinimum draft\n<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody class=\"oxy-container-7524-363 oxy-container\"><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-342 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-338 oxy-text\">\nSand mould, no-bake\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-339 oxy-text\">\nDCTG 8 to 12\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-340 oxy-text\">\nRa 12.5 to 25\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-341 oxy-text\">\n1 to 1.5 degrees\n<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-347 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-343 oxy-text\">\nPermanent steel mould\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-344 oxy-text\">\nDCTG 7 to 9\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-345 oxy-text\">\nRa 6.3 to 12.5\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-346 oxy-text\">\n1.5 to 2 degrees, must release\n<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-352 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-348 oxy-text\">\nOur working range\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-349 oxy-text\">\nCT8 to CT9\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-350 oxy-text\">\nRa 6.3 to 12.5\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-351 oxy-text\">\nAgreed per face at quotation\n<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-357 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-353 oxy-text\">\nMinimum wall, aluminum\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-354 oxy-text\">\n5 mm permanent mould, 8 mm sand\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-355 oxy-text\">\n\u2014\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-356 oxy-text\">\n\u2014\n<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"oxy-container-7524-362 oxy-container\"><th class=\"oxy-text-7524-358 oxy-text\">\nMinimum wall, copper alloy\n<\/th><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-359 oxy-text\">\n6 mm permanent mould, 10 mm sand\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-360 oxy-text\">\n\u2014\n<\/td><td class=\"oxy-text-7524-361 oxy-text\">\n\u2014\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-366 oxy-text gc-p\">\nDraft is the difference between a gravity job that works and one that tears the mould. A permanent mould has to be able to open, so a vertical face with no draft will drag and scrap the part. On printed sand moulds draft still helps, because the sand has to survive the pour without a weak edge breaking off into the cavity.\n<\/p><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-367 oxy-text gc-p\">\nMachining allowance is agreed per face rather than applied as a blanket number. A face that will be milled needs enough metal to clean up after the casting moves; a face that stays as cast needs none, and adding it wastes both metal and machining time.\n<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-572 oxy-container gc-sec gc-sec-alt\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-571 oxy-container gc-inner\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-538 oxy-container gc-head\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-536 oxy-text gc-rail\">\n10\n<\/span><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-537 oxy-text\">\nDefects gravity casting is prone to, and what we do about them\n<\/h2><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-539 oxy-text gc-p\">\nGravity casting has no pressure to push metal into the last place it freezes, so its failure modes are predictable. All six of these are designed out at the gating stage rather than inspected out afterwards.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-570 oxy-container gc-def-grid\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-544 oxy-container gc-def-card\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-540 oxy-text gc-def-num\">\n01\n<\/span><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-541 oxy-text\">\nShrinkage porosity\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-542 oxy-text\">\nThe heavy section freezes last with nothing left to feed it. Gravity has no pressure to push metal into that last pocket, so it either gets fed by a riser or it becomes a void.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-543 oxy-text gc-def-fix\">\n<b>What we do.<\/b> Size the riser to stay liquid longer than the casting and place it on the thermal node. Where the section is genuinely massive, move the part to liquid-squeeze casting instead of arguing with physics.\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-549 oxy-container gc-def-card\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-545 oxy-text gc-def-num\">\n02\n<\/span><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-546 oxy-text\">\nMisruns and cold shuts\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-547 oxy-text\">\nMetal freezes before it reaches the far end of the cavity, or two streams meet and fail to fuse. Usually a pour-temperature or fill-time problem rather than a design one.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-548 oxy-text gc-def-fix\">\n<b>What we do.<\/b> Both variables are controlled, not assumed. The 1 t tilting furnace exists precisely to cut the temperature drop between furnace and mould.\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-554 oxy-container gc-def-card\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-550 oxy-text gc-def-num\">\n03\n<\/span><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-551 oxy-text\">\nGas porosity\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-552 oxy-text\">\nHydrogen absorbed by the melt and released as it solidifies. Worse in humid weather and with damp charge material, and invisible until the part is machined.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-553 oxy-text gc-def-fix\">\n<b>What we do.<\/b> Degas the melt and take a vacuum hydrogen reading before the pour \u2014 not a visual check after it.\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-559 oxy-container gc-def-card\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-555 oxy-text gc-def-num\">\n04\n<\/span><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-556 oxy-text\">\nSand burn-on and veining\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-557 oxy-text\">\nMetal penetrates the mould surface, or a thin fin forms along a core edge. Driven by resin content and mould hardness more than by the sand itself.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-558 oxy-text gc-def-fix\">\n<b>What we do.<\/b> Our mixer holds sand strength up to 9.5 on the SYS-C hardness scale, and we aim it at the part rather than maximising it.\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-564 oxy-container gc-def-card\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-560 oxy-text gc-def-num\">\n05\n<\/span><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-561 oxy-text\">\nHot tears\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-562 oxy-text\">\nThe casting is restrained while it contracts and cracks at a sharp internal corner. Made worse by mould strength that is higher than the geometry can tolerate.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-563 oxy-text gc-def-fix\">\n<b>What we do.<\/b> Radius the internal corners in the drawing, and keep the mould no harder than the part actually needs.\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-569 oxy-container gc-def-card\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-565 oxy-text gc-def-num\">\n06\n<\/span><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-566 oxy-text\">\nDimensional drift after machining\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-567 oxy-text\">\nResidual stress releases when metal is removed, so a face that measured true moves after the first cut. Or the temper is wrong for the service temperature.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-text-7524-568 oxy-text gc-def-fix\">\n<b>What we do.<\/b> Over-age to T7 where stability matters more than peak strength, and stress-relieve before final machining.\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-413 oxy-container gc-sec\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-412 oxy-container gc-inner\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-391 oxy-container gc-head\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-389 oxy-text gc-rail\">\n11\n<\/span><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-390 oxy-text\">\nWhere gravity casting pays off\n<\/h2><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-392 oxy-text gc-p\">\nGravity casting wins on thick-walled, medium-complexity parts where the volume does not justify a die and the geometry does not demand low-pressure density.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-411 oxy-container gc-check\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-395 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-393 oxy-text\">\nPumps, valves and marine fittings\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-394 oxy-text\">\nBody and impeller castings in silicon bronze and aluminum, where corrosion resistance matters and the wall is thick enough to feed properly. Pressure tested before dispatch.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-398 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-396 oxy-text\">\nIndustrial machinery housings\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-397 oxy-text\">\nGearbox cases, bearing housings and machine frames in aluminum. Medium complexity, modest volume, and often still being iterated \u2014 which is exactly where a printed sand mould beats a die.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-401 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-399 oxy-text\">\nElectrical and switchgear parts\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-400 oxy-text\">\nCopper and aluminum conductors, shields and enclosures where conductivity and pressure-tightness decide the process. Gravity and low-pressure run side by side on this work.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-404 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-402 oxy-text\">\nArchitectural and decorative bronze\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-403 oxy-text\">\nPlaster and sand moulds for statuary and architectural components, where surface finish and alloy colour matter more than dimensional tolerance.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-407 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-405 oxy-text\">\nWear parts and bushings\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-406 oxy-text\">\nBronze bushings, wear plates and sliding components, where the alloy is chosen for bearing behaviour and the shape is simple enough that a permanent mould pays for itself.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-410 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-408 oxy-text\">\nLarge one-off aluminum parts\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-409 oxy-text\">\nUp to a 5 m envelope at a single piece. No other route gets there without a pattern, which is why gravity plus a printed mould is the standard answer for oversize aluminum.\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-432 oxy-container gc-sec gc-sec-alt\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-431 oxy-container gc-inner\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-416 oxy-container gc-head\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-414 oxy-text gc-rail\">\n12\n<\/span><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-415 oxy-text\">\nGravity casting or something else?\n<\/h2><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-417 oxy-text gc-p\">\nFour questions settle it. None of them require you to know the process names first.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-430 oxy-container gc-check\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-420 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-418 oxy-text\">\nIs the wall thinner than 5 mm?\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-419 oxy-text\">\nThen gravity is the wrong answer and low-pressure casting is the right one. Gravity cannot reliably fill a thin section before it freezes, and no amount of gating cleverness fixes that.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-423 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-421 oxy-text\">\nDoes it have to hold pressure with no leaks?\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-422 oxy-text\">\nLow-pressure or squeeze casting first. Gravity can be made leak-tight with a properly fed riser, and often is, but it is the harder route to get there and we will say so at quotation.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-426 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-424 oxy-text\">\nHow many, and will the design change?\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-425 oxy-text\">\nOne to a few hundred, or anything still moving \u2014 gravity in a printed sand mould. Above a few hundred with a frozen drawing \u2014 gravity in a permanent steel mould, and the mould pays for itself.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-429 oxy-container gc-check-item\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-427 oxy-text\">\nIs it bigger than about 1.5 m?\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-428 oxy-text\">\nGravity in a sand mould, almost regardless of volume, because the die or permanent mould for a part that size would cost more than the whole production run.\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-643 oxy-text lyafs-h3\">\nRelated casting routes\n<\/h3><ul class=\"oxy-container-7524-659 oxy-container lyafs-links\"><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-646 oxy-container\"><a class=\"oxy-text-link-7524-644 oxy-text-link lyafs-route\" href=\"\/es\/services\/low-pressure-casting\/\" target=\"_self\">\nLow pressure casting\n<\/a><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-645 oxy-text lyafs-route-desc\">\nThe same printed mould, filled from below \u2014 the route for pressure-tight aluminium housings.\n<\/p><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-649 oxy-container\"><a class=\"oxy-text-link-7524-647 oxy-text-link lyafs-route\" href=\"\/es\/services\/ductile-iron-casting\/\" target=\"_self\">\nDuctile iron casting\n<\/a><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-648 oxy-text lyafs-route-desc\">\nFerrous instead of aluminium: QT400 to QT700 sand cast in printed moulds.\n<\/p><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-652 oxy-container\"><a class=\"oxy-text-link-7524-650 oxy-text-link lyafs-route\" href=\"\/es\/services\/cast-steel-casting\/\" target=\"_self\">\nCast steel casting\n<\/a><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-651 oxy-text lyafs-route-desc\">\nCarbon, low-alloy and stainless steel when aluminium will not carry the duty.\n<\/p><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-655 oxy-container\"><a class=\"oxy-text-link-7524-653 oxy-text-link lyafs-route\" href=\"\/es\/services\/bronze-casting\/\" target=\"_self\">\nBronze and brass casting\n<\/a><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-654 oxy-text lyafs-route-desc\">\nCopper alloys on the same gravity route, for bearings, marine and art work.\n<\/p><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-7524-658 oxy-container\"><a class=\"oxy-text-link-7524-656 oxy-text-link lyafs-route\" href=\"\/es\/services\/precision-casting\/\" target=\"_self\">\nPrecision investment casting\n<\/a><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-657 oxy-text lyafs-route-desc\">\nThe wax route, when the geometry is thin-walled and intricate rather than heavy.\n<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-462 oxy-container gc-sec\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-461 oxy-container gc-inner\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-435 oxy-container gc-head\"><span class=\"oxy-text-7524-433 oxy-text gc-rail\">\n13\n<\/span><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-434 oxy-text\">\nQuestions we get before a first gravity order\n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-460 oxy-container gc-faq\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-438 oxy-container gc-qa\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-436 oxy-text\">\nWhat is the difference between gravity casting and gravity die casting?\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-437 oxy-text\">\nSame filling principle, different mould. Gravity sand casting uses a bonded sand cavity that is destroyed to release the part. Gravity die casting \u2014 also called permanent mould casting \u2014 uses a machined steel mould that opens and is reused. The metal still enters under its own weight in both.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-441 oxy-container gc-qa\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-439 oxy-text\">\nWhich alloys do you pour by gravity?\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-440 oxy-text\">\nAluminum \u2014 ZL101A, ZL114A, A356 and A360 \u2014 and copper alloys, mainly silicon bronze. Aluminum runs up to 1 t in a single pour and a 5 m envelope; copper runs to 2 t and 3 m.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-444 oxy-container gc-qa\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-442 oxy-text\">\nWhat tolerance can you hold as cast?\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-443 oxy-text\">\nCT8 to CT12 in a sand mould and CT7 to CT9 in a permanent mould. Where a feature needs tighter than that, the economical answer is almost always to machine the feature rather than tighten the whole casting.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-447 oxy-container gc-qa\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-445 oxy-text\">\nDo you need a pattern?\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-446 oxy-text\">\nNo. We print the sand mould and cores directly from your CAD file, so there is no pattern to make and no pattern cost to write off if the design changes. That is what makes a single gravity casting economic.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-450 oxy-container gc-qa\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-448 oxy-text\">\nCan you heat treat it?\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-449 oxy-text\">\nYes, in house. T5, T6 and T7 run in the same building as the casting, in a 2 m diameter solution furnace alongside a 25 t heat treatment and ageing furnace. Quench delay stays under our control rather than becoming a shipping decision.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-453 oxy-container gc-qa\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-451 oxy-text\">\nHow thick does the wall need to be?\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-452 oxy-text\">\nFor aluminum, 8 mm and up is comfortable in a sand mould and 5 to 6 mm in a permanent mould. For copper alloys add a couple of millimetres, because the metal is less fluid and freezes faster in a cold mould.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-456 oxy-container gc-qa\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-454 oxy-text\">\nIs gravity casting cheaper than low-pressure casting?\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-455 oxy-text\">\nUsually, for a part gravity can actually make. There is no sealed furnace to build and no riser tube to maintain, and if the mould is printed there is no tooling at all. The moment the part needs a thin wall or guaranteed leak-tightness, low-pressure becomes the cheaper route because it works the first time.\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-459 oxy-container gc-qa\"><h3 class=\"oxy-text-7524-457 oxy-text\">\nWhat is the smallest batch?\n<\/h3><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-458 oxy-text\">\nOne piece. Printing the mould removes the pattern, so a single gravity casting is a normal order rather than a special case.\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-7524-469 oxy-container gc-close\"><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-468 oxy-container gc-inner\"><h2 class=\"oxy-text-7524-463 oxy-text\">\nSend the drawing, get a route and a price\n<\/h2><p class=\"oxy-text-7524-464 oxy-text\">\nSend a model and we will come back within 24 hours with the route we would run, the alloy we would specify, the machining allowance we would leave, and a price. If gravity is the wrong process for your part, we will tell you which one is.\n<\/p><div class=\"oxy-container-7524-467 oxy-container gc-btns\"><a class=\"oxy-text-link-7524-465 oxy-text-link gc-btn\" href=\"\/es\/get-a-quote\/\" target=\"_self\">\nSend your CAD for a quote\n<\/a><a class=\"oxy-text-link-7524-466 oxy-text-link gc-btn-ghost\" href=\"\/es\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">\nTalk to a foundry engineer\n<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/main>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gravity Casting Gravity casting: the cheapest sound route to an aluminum or copper part Gravity casting pours metal into the mould under nothing but its own weight. That sounds like a limitation and is actually the point \u2014 no pressure vessel, no die set, and no pattern bill, which is why it is usually the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5574,"parent":70,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_oxygen_hide_in_design_set":false,"_oxygen_tags":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7524","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<title>Gravity Casting Services | Aluminum &amp; Copper, No Tooling - 3DPTEK | AFS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gravity casting in sand and permanent moulds for aluminum and copper alloys. To a 5 m envelope, CT8 to CT12, no pattern cost. 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To a 5 m envelope, CT8 to CT12, no pattern cost. 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